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Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 11, No. 1 suppl, S23-S28 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/088307389601100104

Neuromuscular Blockade in the Management of Cerebral Palsy

L. Andrew Koman, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC

James F. Mooney, III, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC

Beth Paterson Smith, PhD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC

Neuromuscular blocking agents-45% alcohol, 4% to 6% aqueous phenol, local anesthetics, and botulinum A toxin—have been used for many years in the evaluation and management of spasticity and movement disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Recent reports suggest that longer-acting neuromuscular blocking agents may impact positively on the natural history of dynamic deformity and improve health-related quality of life. This review includes the mechanism of action, techniques, indications, complications, and clinical outcomes associated with these agents. (J Child Neurol 1996;11(Suppl 1):S23-S28).


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A. H. Tilton
Injectable Neuromuscular Blockade in the Treatment of Spasticity and Movement Disorders
J Child Neurol, January 1, 2003; 18(1_suppl): S50 - S66.
[Abstract] [PDF]