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Journal of Child Neurology
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Basal Ganglia Volumes in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Elizabeth H. Aylward, PhD

Division of Psychiatric Neuro-Imaging Kennedy-Krieger Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine, Johns Hopkens University, Baltimore, MD

Allan L. Reiss, MD

Neuroimaging Research Center Kennedy-Krieger Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine, Johns Hopkens University, Baltimore, MD

Mark J. Reader, PhD

Department of Developmental Cognitive Neurology Kennedy-Krieger Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine, Johns Hopkens University, Baltimore, MD

Harvey S. Singer, MD

Department of Neurology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

Jan E. Brown, RN

Department of Neurology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

Martha B. Denckla, MD

Department of Developmental Cognitive Neurology Kennedy-Krieger Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine, Johns Hopkens University, Baltimore, MD, Department of Neurology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD

Previous research has demonstrated volume reduction of the left globus pallidus in children with the codiagnoses of Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in comparison with children who have Tourette syndrome alone and with normal controls. The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with ADHD alone also had volume reduction of the globus pallidus or other basal ganglia structures. Subjects were 10 boys with ADHD, 16 boys with Tourette syndrome and ADHD, and 11 normal control boys. Groups were matched for age. Boys with ADHD were individually matched for age, handedness, and IQ to 10 of the 16 boys with Tourette syndrome and ADHD. Volumes of caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus were measured and corrected for brain volume. The boys with ADHD had significantly smaller left globus pallidus volume and total globus pallidus volume (corrected for brain volume) than the normal controls. The Tourette syndrome plus ADHD group did not differ from the ADHD group on any of the measures. We conclude that small globus pallidus volume, particularly on the left side, is associated with ADHD. (J Child Neurol 1996; 11: 112-115).

Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 11, No. 2, 112-115 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/088307389601100210
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