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Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1-14 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/088307389901400101
© 1999 SAGE Publications

Reviews

Topical Review: La Crosse and Other Forms of California Encephalitis

Robert S. Rust, MA, MD

Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston

Wayne H. Thompson, DVM, MPH, PhD

Department of Preventive Medicine, the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison

Charles G. Matthews, PhD

Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison

Barry J. Beaty, PhD

Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins

Raymond W.M. Chun, MD

Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison

The California serogroup viruses are mosquito viruses that cause human infections on five continents. They are maintained and amplified in nature by a wide variety of mosquito vectors and mammalian hosts; they thrive in a remarkably wide variety of microclimates (eg, tropical, coastal temperate marshland, lowland river valleys, alpine valleys and highlands, high boreal deserts, and arctic steppes). In 1993, California serogroup viruses caused 71% of all cases of arboviral illness in the United States, principally La Crosse encephalitis.1 The 30 to 180 annual cases of La Crosse encephalitis represent 8% to 30% of all cases of encephalitis, rendering this illness the most common and important endemic mosquito-borne illness in the USA. Subclinical or mild infections are much more common. Methods and results acquired from intense study of California serogroup viruses have been applied, with benefit, to the study of the ecology and pathogenesis of many more serious human arboviral illnesses. The evolutionary potential of viruses, with particular reference to the development of more virulent strains, has been studied more closely in the California serogroup viruses than in almost any other agent of human disease. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:1-14).


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