This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Houghton, S. Articles by Carroll, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Houghton, S. Articles by Carroll, A. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Differential Patterns of Executive Function in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder According to Gender and Subtype

Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, shoughto{at}ecel.uwa.edu.au

Graham Douglas, PhD

Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth

John West, BEd (Hons)

Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth

Ken Whiting, MD

Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth

Melvyn Wall, MD

Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth

Shane Langsford, BEd (Hons)

Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth

Lesley Powell, BEd

Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth

Annemaree Carroll, PhD

Schonell Special Education Research Centre, University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia

The present investigation examined differential patterns in executive functions of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; no diagnosed comorbid disorders) according to subtype and gender, and identified instrumentation sensitive to executive function in children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD. Data were obtained from 94 children diagnosed with ADHD (predominantly inattentive, n = 32, ADHD combined, n = 62), and from 28 controls. Participants with ADHD, who were unmedicated at the time of testing, were administered five tests of executive function (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Stroop Color-Word Test, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, the Trail Making Test, and the Tower of London). A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance with age as the covariate and subtype and gender as the independent variables was conducted on all of the tests administered. While children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and those with ADHD combined differed from controls, it was only the latter subtype that differed significantly in perseveration and response inhibition. The absence of diagnosed comorbidity in the children with ADHD at the time of test administration demonstrates that the impairments in executive function are clearly located in ADHD, particularly in the ADHD combined subtype, thus providing support for Barkley's proposed unifying theory of ADHD. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:801-805).

Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 14, No. 12, 801-805 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/088307389901401206


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. Bramham, F. Ambery, S. Young, R. Morris, A. Russell, K. Xenitidis, P. Asherson, and D. Murphy Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation Autism, May 1, 2009; 13(3): 245 - 264. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. D. Mayes, S. L. Calhoun, G. A. Chase, D. M. Mink, and R. E. Stagg ADHD Subtypes and Co-Occurring Anxiety, Depression, and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder: Differences in Gordon Diagnostic System and Wechsler Working Memory and Processing Speed Index Scores J Atten Disord, May 1, 2009; 12(6): 540 - 550. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. A. Sutcliffe, D. V. M. Bishop, S. Houghton, and M. Taylor Effect of attentional state on frequency discrimination: a comparison of children with ADHD on and off medication. J Speech Lang Hear Res, October 1, 2006; 49(5): 1072 - 1084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. West, M. Taylor, S. Houghton, and S. Hudyma A Comparison of Teachers' and Parents' Knowledge and Beliefs About Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) School Psychology International, May 1, 2005; 26(2): 192 - 208. [Abstract] [PDF]

				V. Lawrence, S. Houghton, G. Douglas, K. Durkin, K. Whiting, and R. Tannock Executive function and ADHD: A comparison of children's performance during neuropsychological testing and real-world activities J Atten Disord, February 1, 2004; 7(3): 137 - 149. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. B. Hale, J.-A. B. Hoeppner, and C. A. Fiorello Analyzing Digit Span Components for Assessment of Attention Processes Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, June 1, 2002; 20(2): 128 - 143. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Biederman, E. Mick, S. V. Faraone, E. Braaten, A. Doyle, T. Spencer, T. E. Wilens, E. Frazier, and M. A. Johnson Influence of Gender on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Referred to a Psychiatric Clinic Am J Psychiatry, January 1, 2002; 159(1): 36 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Schatz, A. O. Ballantyne, and D. A. Trauner Sensitivity and Specificity of a Computerized Test of Attention in the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment, December 1, 2001; 8(4): 357 - 365. [Abstract] [PDF]