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Journal of Child Neurology
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Topical Review: Photosensitivity and Epilepsy

Alberto Verrotti, MD, PhD

Department of Medicine Section of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy, averrott{at}unich.it

Daniela Trotta, MD

Department of Medicine Section of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

Carmela Salladini, MD

Department of Medicine Section of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

Giovanna di Corcia, MD

Department of Medicine Section of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

Francesco Chiarelli, MD

Department of Medicine Section of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

Photosensitive epilepsy is a well-known condition characterized by seizures in patients who show photoparoxysmal responses on electroencephalography (EEG) elicited by intermittent photic stimulation. Photoparoxysmal responses can be defined as epileptiform EEG responses to intermittent photic stimulation or to other visual stimuli of everyday life and are frequently found in nonepileptic children. The modern technologic environment has led to a dramatic increase in exposure to potential trigger stimuli; nowadays, television and video games are among the most common triggers in daily life. There is ample evidence for genetic transmission of photoparoxysmal responses; systematic family studies have provided data for an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with age-dependent penetrance for photosensitivity. The age of maximum penetrance is between 5 and 15 years. The prognosis for control of seizures induced by visual stimulation is generally very good. The large majority of patients do not need anticonvulsant therapy, but, when needed, the drug of choice is valproate. Stimulus avoidance and stimulus modification can be an effective treatment in some patients and can sometimes be combined with antiepileptic drug treatment. (J Child Neurol 2004;19:571-578).

Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 19, No. 8, 571-578 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/088307380401900802
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