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Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome

Report of Three Cases

Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, hozyurekibu{at}hotmail.com

Gulben Oguz, MD

Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Seza Ozen, MD

Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Canan Akyuz, MD

Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Kader Karli Oguz, MD

Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Banu Anlar, MD

Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine

Sabiha Aysun, MD

Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is characterized clinically by headache, abnormalities of mental status and visual perception, and seizures. Despite its diverse causes, common precipitating factors are defined as abrupt elevations of blood pressure, renal decompensation, fluid retention, and immunosuppressive therapy. We report three children with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome presenting with generalized seizures and headache. The causes of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome were considered to be acute hypertension and immunosuppressive therapy in case 1 with systemic lupus erythematosus, chemotherapy (vincristine and/or actinomycin-D) and hyponatremia in case 2, and acute hypertension in case 3, admitted with a familial Mediterranean fever attack. In light of these cases, we review the literature for the etiology, clinical and laboratory findings, and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. ( J Child Neurol 2005;12:990—993).

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