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Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Pediatrics (Divisions of Neurology), Bakent University of Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Ilknur Erol, MD

Pediatrics (Divisions of Neurology), Bakent University of Medicine Ankara, Turkey, ilknur_erol{at}yahoo.com

A. Muhtesem Agildere, MD

Departments of Pediatrics (Division of Radiology), Bakent University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Figen Ozcay, MD

Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bakent University of Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Esra Baskin, MD

Nephrology, Bakent University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Nurcan Cengiz, MD

Nephrology, Bakent University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Bülent Alioglu, MD

Hematology, Bakent University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Mehmet Haberal, MD

General Surgery, Bakent University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a recently identified clinical and radiologic entity. The characteristic radiologic findings are bilateral gray and white matter edema in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres. This article reports clinical and radiologic findings in 10 consecutive episodes of posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome that were diagnosed in 9 children and adolescents. The causes were immunosuppressive therapy in 7 patients and a combination of renal failure and hypertension in 3. The most common presenting symptoms were seizure and altered consciousness; others included headache, sixth nerve palsy, and cortical blindness. Imaging demonstrated abnormalities in the parietal and occipital lobes in all 10 episodes. The signs and symptoms resolved after immunosuppressive agents were reduced or discontinued, or after uremia and hypertension were corrected. Four patients underwent follow-up cranial imaging, and the images showed nearly complete or complete resolution. The syndrome was clinically reversible in all patients.

Key Words: posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome • children and adolescents • neuroimaging

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