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Journal of Child Neurology
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Delirium in Children With HIV/AIDS

Sean Hatherill, MB, ChB, FCPsych, Cert Child Psych

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, South Africa

Alan Flisher, BSocSc, MB, ChB, MSc, MMed, MPhil, PhD, FCPsych, DCH

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, South Africa

Delirium in children has received little attention from researchers until very recently, despite being a frequently encountered clinical problem, particularly in the context of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). In this article, we report 3 cases of severe hyperactive delirium occurring in children with advanced HIV/AIDS in the context of probable underlying HIV encephalopathy and complex drug—drug interactions. We also present a hypothesis in relation to HIV-associated delirium as a potential neuropsychiatric manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Key Words: delirium • HIV • AIDS • IRIS • tuberculosis

This version was published on July 1, 2009

Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 24, No. 7, 879-883 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0883073809332399
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