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Neurosonographic Findings in Infants Treated by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

Joseph C. Anderson, MD

Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

James McConnell, MD

Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

David L. Bolam, MD

Department of Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an approved therapy for some neonates who have respiratory failure that is due to hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration, persistent pulmonary hypertension, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or sepsis. The major complication of this therapy is hemorrhage, with intracranial hemorrhage having the highest morbidity and mortality. Seizures, incisional bleeding and bleeding in the pleural space, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, renal failure, and cardiovascular complications account for most of the other complications. Cranial sonography provides an ideal imaging modality for baseline evaluation and daily follow-up; however, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, because of better sensitivity, are important for assessment after ECMO. The changes in intracranial blood flow related to ECMO can be noninvasively evaluated by Doppler ultrasound modalities. (J Child Neurol 1989;4:S52-S61).

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				D. M. Radack, S. Baumgart, and G. W. Gross Subependymal (Grade 1 ) Intracranial Hemorrhage in Neonates on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Frequency and Patterns of Evolution Clinical Pediatrics, October 1, 1994; 33(10): 583 - 587. [Abstract] [PDF]