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Journal of Child Neurology
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Child Neurology: Current and Future Directions

Richard E. Frye, MD, PhD

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Richard.E.Frye{at}uth.tmc.edu

Alexander Rotenberg, MD, PhD

Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Molliann Ousley

University of Florida, Gainesville

Alvaro Pascual-Leone, MD, PhD

Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Institut Guttmann de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method for focal brain stimulation based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where small intracranial electric currents are generated by a powerful, rapidly changing extracranial magnetic field. Over the past 2 decades TMS has shown promise in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disease in adults, but has been used on a more limited basis in children. We reviewed the literature to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of TMS in child neurology and also its safety in pediatrics. Although TMS has not been associated with any serious side effects in children and appears to be well tolerated, general safety guidelines should be established. The potential for applications of TMS in child neurology and psychiatry is significant. Given its excellent safety profile and possible therapeutic effect, this technique should develop as an important tool in pediatric neurology over the next decade.

Key Words: transcranial magnetic stimulation • corticospinal pathway maturation • cortical reorganization • corticospinal abnormalities • cortical excitability • cortical plasticity

This version was published on January 1, 2008

Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 23, No. 1, 79-96 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0883073807307972
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